Foxes!

The Wildlife Science Center is primarily dedicated to wolves, but they have a variety of other animals too. I was particularly excited to see their foxes (Vulpes vulpes), because they have three domesticated foxes from the Siberian Farm Fox Experiment. The foxes in this experiment are a significant part of why I became interested in domestication and have been a considerable motivator in my research.

In the 1950s, Russian geneticist Dmitry Belyayev started selectively breeding foxes that were being farmed for their fur by choosing the individuals of each generation that exhibited the least aggressive behavior when their cages were approached by a human. In addition to producing tamer foxes, within just a few generations these foxes had more white in their coats,  vocalized frequently, and sought physical contact with humans. What was most surprising about these changes was how rapidly they occurred. For example, traits such as  tail wagging and seeking human contact emerged within 4-6 generations and were  exhibited by 50% of pups in about 30 generations.

Evolutionary anthropologist Brian Hare has also demonstrated that these domesticated foxes are better able to use social cues such as pointing and gazing to find hidden food than the other farm foxes are. These findings parallel Hare's previous work showing that dogs are better at using these cues than either wolves or great apes, leading to the "self-domestication hypothesis" that perhaps a crucial piece of human evolution involved selection against aggression that might have led to increased capacities for cooperation and communication. This hypothesis is essentially why I am now in an anthropology department rather than a biology or psychology department.

I have read many papers and attended several talks on these foxes, but I had never seen one in person. Here are the three domesticated foxes from Wildlife Science Center, as well as their one red fox for comparison.

Caught mid-yawn!